His fantastical theories espouse the idea that the "Nordic race" is inherently superior to other human beings. The small Colonial population of America was, on an average and man for man, far superior to the present inhabitants, although the latter are twenty-five times more numerous. A majority must of necessity be inferior to a picked minority and it always resents specializations in which it cannot share. Hitler quotes Grants book in his speeches and even sent Grant a letter where he referred to it as his Bible. "The idea is if we don't look out the white race will be will be utterly submerged. Democratic theories of government in their modern form are based on dogmas of equality formulated some hundred and fifty years ago and rest upon the assumption that environment and not heredity is the controlling factor in human development. In the age of Trump, Madison Grant's influential work of scientific racism takes on a new salience. The individual himself can be nourished, educated and protected by the community during his lifetime, but the state through sterilization must see to it that his line stops with him, or else future generations will be cursed with an ever increasing load of misguided sentimentalism. He called the first positive eugenics, which encouraged people he considered superior to have more children. In America, also, strange temples, which would have been abhorrent to our Colonial ancestors, are multiplying and our streets and parks are turned over to monuments to foreign "patriots," designed not to please the artistic sense of the passer-by but to gratify the national preference of some alien element in the electorate. The Passing of the Great Race or the Racial Basis of European History Madison Grant 3.22 126 ratings18 reviews This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. Historically significant but very antiquated. In contrast, Grant claims that Nordics are superior soldiers, sailors, and explorers, but above all, they are skillful leaders. In America we have nearly succeeded in destroying the privilege of birth; that is, the intellectual and moral advantage a man of good stock brings into the world with him. The former catastrophe happened in the declining days of the Roman Republic and the south Italians of to-day are very largely descendants of the nondescript slaves of all races, chiefly from the southern and eastern coasts of the Mediterranean, who were imported by the Romans under the Empire to work their vast estates. Grant helped draft the Immigration Act of 1924 that Johnson authored, which established strict quotas for immigration based on nationality. read about 54 pages for class to analyze Eugenics movement; do not think I could read any more of this A concise, but antiquated overview of European physical anthropology. European history has been written in terms of nationality and of language, but never before in terms of race; yet race has played a far larger part than either language or nationality in moulding the destinies of men; race implies heredity and heredity implies all the moral, social and intellectual characteristics and traits which are the springs of politics and government. The Immigration Act of 1924 is often cited as just one step in a long history of racist immigration policy in the US. When individuals of perfect blond type occur, as sometimes in Greek islands, we may suspect a recent visit of sailors from a passing ship but when only single characters remain spread thinly, but widely, over considerable areas, like the blondness of the Atlas Berbers or of the Albanian mountaineers, we must search in the dim past for the origin of these blurred traits of early invaders. "AAPA Statement on Race and Racism. Ignorance of English grammar or classic learning must not, forsooth, be held up as a reproach to the political or social aspirant. on May 15, 2008, A related article in the November 2019 Harper's Magazine by Doug Henwood, "To Serve Is To Rule - Why We Miss the WASPs". The message was anti-democratic and anti-Christian, which did not sit well with the patriotic public. 4Th rev. "Reviewed Work(s): The Passing of the Great Race: Or the Racial Basis of European History by Madison Grant. He primarily focuses on the Nordic race, its characteristics, and how it has fell from dominance in Europe. What the Melting Pot actually does in practice can be seen in Mexico, where the absorption of the blood of the original Spanish conquerors by the native Indian population has produced the racial mixture which we call Mexican and which is now engaged in demonstrating its incapacity for self-government. [8], By 1937, the book sold 17,000 copies in the U.S. "Whether or not one agrees with his theories, Madison Grant's work continues to remind us of the genuine, time-less issues at stake beneath the day-to-day political rhetoric of our times. The book received positive reviews in the 1920s, but Grant's popularity declined in the 1930s. They either died childless or left half breeds behind them. Be the first to write a review. He also doesn't like universal suffrage, socialists, labor unions, or Jews, none of which were a surprise given that, you know, he's a racist asshole. The first three chapters trace the history of prehistoric peoples in Europe. ", Peake, H.J.E. They did not take their women with them. by Grant, Madison 0 Ratings 3 Want to read 1 Currently reading 0 Have read Overview View 10 Editions Details Reviews Lists Related Books Publish Date 1922 Publisher Scribner Pages He was also a member of two anti-immigration lobbying groups, the American Defense Society and the Immigration Restriction League. The second chapter, "Paleolithic Man," draws directly from Henry Fairfield Osborns Men of the Old Stone Age. According to Spiro, Grants interest in conservation naturally led to his interest in eugenics, as Grant saw both movements as a way of preserving the old country from threats of extinction. As long as this Gothic nobility controlled the Spanish states during the endless crusades against the Moors, Spain belonged to the Nordic kingdoms, but when their blood became impaired by losses in wars waged outside of Spain and in the conquest of the Americas, the sceptre fell from this noble race into the hands of the native Iberian, who had not the physical vigor or the intellectual strength to maintain the world empire built up by the stronger race. The defense presented The Passing of the Great Race as evidence to argue that many Nazi eugenics programs were inspired by policies in the US and therefore it was hypocritical for the US to try them for successfully enacting their own ideas. In our Southern States Jim Crow cars and social discriminations have exactly the same purpose and justification. In his biography of Grant,Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics and the Legacy of Madison Grant, Jonathan Spiro writes that almost nothing inThe Passing of the Great Raceis original. Rather, the book is a compendium of the work of other scholars, and almost every paragraph can be directly traced back to figures such as the European scientific racists Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain. Want to Read. Page 4 - In the city of New York, and elsewhere in the United States, there is a native American aristocracy resting upon layer after layer of immigrants of lower races, and the native American, while, of course, disclaiming the distinction of a patrician class, nevertheless has, up to this time, supplied the leaders of thought and the control of capital, of education, and of the religious . The country villages and the farms are the nurseries of nations, while cities are consumers and seldom producers of men. 2, No. My favorite personally is his cover for the 2012 edition of Madison Grant's The Passing of The Great Race, with a foreword by none other than Jared Taylor, with his name printed on the front cover. For 200 years the Spanish infantry had no equal in Europe but this distinction disappeared with the opening decades of the seventeenth century. We Americans must realize that the altruistic ideals which have controlled our social development during the past century and the maudlin sentimentalism that has made America "an asylum for the oppressed," are sweeping the nation toward a racial abyss. Moral, intellectual and spiritual attributes are as persistent as physical characters and are transmitted substantially unchanged from generation to generation. It is scarcely necessary to cite the universal distrust, often contempt, that the half-breed between two sharply contrasted races inspires the world over. Such an admission we can hardly expect from those of inferior races. Whether we like to admit it or not, the result of the mixture of two races, in the long run, gives us a race reverting to the more ancient, generalized and lower type. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. In the French Revolution the majority, calling itself "the people," deliberately endeavored to destroy the higher type and something of the same sort was in a measure done after the American Revolution by the expulsion of the Loyalists and the confiscation of their lands, with a resultant loss to the growing nation of good race strains, which were in the next century replaced by immigrants of far lower type. The Nazi Gestapo referred to Jews in hiding as "U-Boats" to survive under the Third Reich. [6] According to Woods, Grant published a fourth revised edition in 1921 that included a 176-page documentary supplement containing notes and references for some of his claims to assuage mounting criticism from scientists regarding his lack of citations. Adolf Hitler referred to The Passing of the Great Race as his Bible, and during the Nuremberg Trials in the 1940s, Nazi leaders who were prosecuted for war crimes committed during World War II presented the book as evidence that eugenics did not solely originate in Germany but rather had deep roots in the United States. War is in the highest sense dysgenic rather than eugenic. "The Passing of the Great Race or The Racial Basis of European History". A.B.S. In addition to Galtons eugenics works, Grant drew from earlier attempts to classify humans into hierarchies according to race. Author F. Scott Fitzgerald made a lightly disguised reference to Grant in The Great Gatsby. "Elizabeth Aranda." The Passing of the Great Race remains one of the foremost classic texts of its kind. In Grant's view, Nordics probably evolved in a climate which "must have been such as to impose a rigid elimination of defectives through the agency of hard winters and the necessity of industry and foresight in providing the year's food, clothing, and shelter during the short summer. Grant claims that when a person from a supposedly superior race reproduces with a person of a supposedly inferior race, the child is unequivocally a member of the inferior race. He also assisted in the passing and prosecution of several anti-miscegenation laws, notably the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 in the state of Virginia, where he sought to codify his particular version of the "one-drop rule" into law. ed. The Passing of the Great Race; or, The Racial Basis of European History A. K. History Nature IN this work Mr. Grant takes up a theme which was broached by Dr. Gustav Retzius in his Huxley lecture to the Royal Anthropological Institute in 1909. They lack the instinct of self-preservation in a racial sense. Definite traces remain of the blood of the Mongols both in isolated and compact groups in south Russia and also scattered throughout the whole country as far west as the German boundary. The proportion of men of pure type of each constituent race to the mixed type is also a powerful factor. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre.. According to Andrew S. Winston, who studies how psychology has historically been used by racist movements, Grant did this to avoid anti-German sentiment of World War I, which was occurring at the time that Grant published The Passing of the Great Race. As a result, Grant believes that democracies that average people run are less efficient than aristocracies ruled by men qualified by noble birth. "The Biological Racial State: Nazi Racial Hygiene, 19331939." 1923, C. Scribner's sons. He specifically promotes the idea of the Nordic race as a key social group responsible for human development; thus the subtitle of the book is The Racial Basis of European History. What's that you say? ", Aranda, Elizabeth and Elizabeth Vaquera. Grant explicitly states that the laws of nature require the obliteration of people he classifies as unfit, or not genetically strong enough to survive without assistance. The impulse upward, however, is supplied by a very small number of nations and by a very small proportion of the population in such nations. Grant uses the cephalic index, which is a ratio of skull width to skull length, eye color, hair color, and height to classify people into three European races of Alpine, Mediterranean, and Nordic, the latter of whom he calls the white man par excellence. Aboriginal population To what extent the Mediterranean race entered into the blood and civilization of Rome, it is now difficult to say, but the traditions of the Eternal City, its love of organization, of law and military efficiency, as well as the Roman ideals of family life, loyalty, and truth, point clearly to a Nordic rather than to a Mediterranean origin. The Passing of the Great Race had such widespread influence that popular sources such as F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby and the popular magazine The Saturday Evening Post referenced the book. Published by Good Press. He understood that race and culture are inseparable, since the latter can only take root in the former. Where two distinct species are located side by side history and biology teach that but one of two things can happen; either one race drives the other out, as the Americans exterminated the Indians and as the Negroes are now replacing the whites in various parts of the South; or else they amalgamate and form a population of race bastards in which the lower type ultimately preponderates. The US Congress did not adjust the quotas in the following decades to accommodate Jewish refugees fleeing the genocide committed by Nazi Germany. The mental characteristics of the Mediterranean race are well known, and this race, while inferior in bodily stamina to both the Nordic and the Alpine, is probably the superior of both, certainly of the Alpines, in intellectual attainments. After the US Supreme Court upheld sterilization laws as constitutional in the 1927 case Buck v. Bell, thirty states passed similar laws, leading to as many as 70,000 forced sterilizations that disproportionately affected poor women of color according to journalist and lawyer Adam Cohen. 4 payments of AU $20.14 with Afterpay. Grant also supports eugenics, advocating the sterilization of "undesirables", a treatment possibly to be extended to "types which may be called weaklings" and "perhaps ultimately to worthless race types": A rigid system of selection through the elimination of those who are weak or unfitin other words social failureswould solve the whole question in one hundred years, as well as enable us to get rid of the undesirables who crowd our jails, hospitals, and insane asylums. Madison Grant's prejudices and bigotry compiled into one volume, "The Passing of the Great Race" was his justification for eugenics and racism. Deep seated Castilian traditions associate aristocracy with blondness and the sangre azul, or blue blood of Spain, probably refers to the blue eye of the Goth, whose traditional claim to lordship is also shown in the Spanish name for gentleman, "hidalgo," said to mean "the son of the Goth." Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. The Passing of the Great Race is an article from Geographical Review, Volume 2. bbbb. Osborn was a paleontologist and president of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City and one of Grants closest friends. The boast of the modern Indian that he is of the same race as his English ruler is entirely without basis in fact and the little swarthy native lives amid the monuments of a departed grandeur, professing the religion and speaking the tongue of his long forgotten Nordic conquerors, without the slightest claim to blood kinship. Boas critiqued Grants misconceptions about heredity, such as his assumption that physical traits such as skin color operated according to simple Mendelian genetics, as well as his refusal to consider the effect of environment on physical traits used for racial classification. Belonging physically and spiritually to the lower race, but aspiring to recognition as one of the higher race, the unfortunate mongrel, in addition to a disharmonic physique, often inherits from one parent an unstable brain which is stimulated and at times overexcited by flashes of brilliancy from the other. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. [7] Thus, whenever such traits were found in a non-Nordic culture, Grant said that they were evidence of a Nordic influence or admixture, rather than casting doubt on their supposed exclusive Nordic origin. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. in English - 4th rev. In the crossing of the blond and brunet elements of a population, the more deeply rooted and ancient dark traits are prepotent or dominant. Furthermore, Grant warns of the dangers of what he calls race suicide, where the superior Nordic race declines in population numbers through low birth rates and frequent wars, while inferior races grow in numbers by having more children and ultimately replace the allegedly superior races. The work was categorised by the publisher as "science" and so never had a chance at mass popularity. Stephen Jay Gould described The Passing of the Great Race as " the most influential tract of American scientific racism "[11], Grant was involved in many debates on the discipline of anthropology against the anthropologist Franz Boas, who advocated cultural anthropology in contrast to Grant's "hereditarian" branch of physical anthropology. Philanthropy and noble purpose dictated the doctrine expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the document which to-day constitutes the actual basis of American institutions. Women in all human races, as the females among all mammals, tend to exhibit the older, more generalized and primitive traits of the past of the race. The term "Caucasian race" has ceased to have any meaning except where it is used, in the United States, to contrast white populations with Negroes or Indians or in the Old World with Mongols. Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race, Geographical Review, Vol. Grant demonstrated his eclecticism by taking the Anglo-Saxon tradition, borrowing a bit of racial philosophy from one writer, a bit from another, and weaving together a comprehensive view of history. To imitate or to adopt what others have invented is not genius but mimicry. The final three chapters of part one advocate for preserving the Nordic race through immigration restriction and laws banning marriage between people of different races. Even those rulers who most abused this power put down with merciless rigor the antisocial elements, such as pirates, brigands or anarchists, which impair the progress of a community, as disease or wounds cripple an individual. And, secondly, great care has been placed on producing an aesthetically appealing volume, graphically and typographically, as befits a classic text ultimately arguing for quality rather than equality. Eye color is of very great importance in race determination because all blue, gray or green eyes in the world to-day came originally from the same source, namely, the Nordic race of northern Europe. In the field of art its superiority to both the other European races is unquestioned. Recent calculations indicate that there are about 90,000,000 of purely Nordic physical type in Europe out of a total population of 420,000,000. This was also true in the early days of our Western frontiersmen, who individually were a far finer type than the settlers who followed them. The Emperors to please the vulgar erected from time to time new shrines to strange gods utterly unknown to the Romans of the early Republic. The act was not overturned until the passage of the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965. Dark colored eyes are all but universal among wild mammals and entirely so among the primates, man's nearest relatives. This scan is from a reprint printed in the journal of the American Geographical Society. Charles Scribners Sons in New York City, New York, published the volume. In Hindustan the blond Nordic invaders forced their Aryan language on the aborigines, but their blood was quickly and utterly absorbed in the darker strains of the original owners of the land. To admit the unchangeable differentiation of race in its modern scientific meaning is to admit inevitably the existence of superiority in one race and of inferiority in another. 4th rev. We are now engaged in destroying the privilege of wealth; that is, the reward of successful intelligence and industry and in some quarters there is developing a tendency to attack the privilege of intellect and to deprive a man of the advantage gained from an early and thorough classical education. Hereditarianism ran counter to the belief in education, hard work, and "pulling oneself up by one's bootstraps.". Unless such an instinct develops their race will perish, as do all organisms which disregard this primary law of nature. Instead, what strikes me is that Grant stood steadfastly and openly as an Anglo-Saxon willing and ready to defend his people, culture and class. He supposes the existence of events and contacts and movements without support, neglects the facts that contradict his models, and emphasises beyond all reason heredity over environment (as racists do). According to historian Winston, present-day neo-Nazi and white supremacist groups continue to cite The Passing of the Great Race as foundational to their movement. He bade fare well to Christian and democratic values. If Grant's elite had predominated in North America, it is no exaggeration to say that the history of the 20th century would have been altogether different" - Richard Spencer, Alternative Right, National Policy Institute. Get help and learn more about the design. History, Art & Archives, United State House of Representatives. Human society is like a serpent dragging its long body on the ground, but with the head always thrust a little in advance and a little elevated above the earth. Critics warned that Grant used uncritical circular reasoning. He also criticizes egalitarian and democratic ideals surrounding equality in the US that he thinks intervene in natural selection, allowing so-called inferior races to proliferate at the expense of superior races. If the Melting Pot is allowed to boil without control and we continue to follow our national motto and deliberately blind ourselves to all "distinctions of race, creed or color," the type of native American of Colonial descent will become as extinct as the Athenian of the age of Pericles, and the Viking of the days of Rollo. The Passing of the Great Race: Or, The Racial Basis of European History Madison Grant C. Scribner's sons, 1922 - Caucasian race - 476 pages 1 Review Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks. The book was a parody of contemporary writers and would thus be referring to them sarcastically as a "great race". Some of those Nazi anthropologists, such as Eugen Fischer and Hans F. K. Gnther, were even friends with Grant and stayed in contact with him until his death according to Spiro. Following the publication of The Passing of the Great Race, Grant took an active role in many influential eugenics organizations in the US, including the Eugenics Research Association, The Galton Society for the Study of the Origin and Evolution of Man, the American Eugenics Society, and the International Commission on Eugenics. Such has been the organization of mankind from the beginning, and such it still is in older communities than ours. By allowing only people who they believed to be of good stock to have children, eugenicists claimed that governments could eradicate disease and disability and curb overpopulation. It really deserves one star for it's completely irrational and misguided claims about racial taxonomies, its pseudo-science and its historical inaccuracies. Whenever we find blondness among the darker races of the earth we may be sure some Nordic wanderer has passed that way. A record of the desperate efforts of the conqueror classes in India to preserve the purity of their blood persists until this very day in their carefully regulated system of castes. The result would be the submergence of the indigenous Nordic races under a corrupt and enfeebled system dominated by inferior races. The native Americans [American Nordics] are splendid raw material, but have as yet only an imperfectly developed national consciousness. In the Europe of to-day the amount of Nordic blood in each nation is a very fair measure of its strength in war and standing in civilization. Grant asserts that people from Europe, Africa, and Asia represent different species of humans, while different races within Europe constitute subspecies, or populations with distinct characteristics. "[1], "Madison Grant (1865 - 1937) was an American lawyer, historian, physical anthropologist, conservationist, and eugenicist. The effort now being made in America to settle undesirable immigrants on farms may, from the viewpoint of race replacement, be more dangerous than allowing them to remain in crowded Ghettos or tenements. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/04/adam-serwer-madison-grant-white-nationalism/583258/. Grant argues that the Alpines are best suited as agricultural peasants, whereas Mediterraneans are superior in art and other intellectual pursuits. Abroad, conditions are fully as bad, and we have the authority of one of the most eminent anthropologists in France that the collection of anthropological measurements and data among French recruits at the outbreak of the Great War was prevented by Jewish influence, which aimed to suppress any suggestion of racial differentiation in France. The passing of the great race; or, The racial basis of European history. It is everywhere characterized by certain unique specializations, namely, wavy brown or blond hair and blue, gray or light brown eyes, fair skin, high, narrow and straight nose, which are associated with great stature, and a long skull, as well as with abundant head and body hair. [17], expansion of the U.S. Black population into the urban areas of the North, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy, "Embryo Project Encyclopedia: The Passing of the Great Race; or The Racial Basis of European History (1916), by Madison Grant", "Prophet of American Racism: Madison Grant and the Nordic Myth", "A New Look at Old Data May Discredit a Theory on Race", "Overview of U.S. White Supremacist Groups", "Adam Serwer: White Nationalism's Deep American Roots", "Book Review: Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case Against Brown v. Board of Education", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Passing_of_the_Great_Race&oldid=1142611861. The Fhrer himself raved aboutThe Passing, calling it my Bible, and it was entered into evidence at the Nuremberg war crimes trials in defense of Hitlers personal physician to show that specifically American theories of white racial superiority supported the crimes against humanity with which he was chargedforced sterilization, for instance, or unnecessary and experimental surgery performed without anesthesia. It is, therefore, the Homo europaeus, the white man par excellence. anyone who doesnt believe that this book has been the basis for Western policy for the last 75 years either hasnt read it or hasnt turned their head from side to side and looked around. With the proportional immigration law of 1924, the descendants of the founding Americans won a victory which would last 40 years, until senator Ted Kennedy after pressure from various special interest groups, especially Jewish groups, put this law out of effect with the new immigration laws of 1965 (see the book The Culture of Critique for a detailed description of this by Dr. Kevin MacDonald), but for a time this book (along with the works of his friend Lothrop Stoddard) helped set the national mood that helped secure the immigration restrictions of 1924. The remainder of the book is divided into two parts. This is what education or opportunity does for a community; it permits in these rare cases fair play for development, but it is race, always race, that produces genius. The first two chapters, "Introduction" and "Race and Democracy," criticize American democracy. Today, I'm asking you which racing circuit shouldn't have been closed. According to Elizabeth Aranda and Elizabeth Vaquera, who as of 2021, research sociology at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida, present day immigration policies in the US still reproduce racial inequalities and result in severe consequences for people of the demographics they target. According to Grant, Nordics were in a dire state in the modern world, where after their abandonment of cultural values rooted in religious or superstitious proto-racialism, they were close to committing "race suicide" by miscegenation and being outbred by inferior stock, which was taking advantage of the transition.
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