The ANOVA yielded a significant main effect for the factor motives, F(4.48, 665) = 61.54, p < 0.001, P2 = 0.32, indicating that motives were differentially important. Eavesdropping in public settings reveals that people devote a substantial part of their conversations to gossip (e.g., Levin and Arluke, 1985; Dunbar et al., 1997). Something dark in the human soul (sin!) In order to gossip, you need to feel close to people, says Stacy Torres, assistant professor of sociology at the University of California, San Francisco, who has studied gossip in older adults. Table 1. Br. J. Appl. The German Version of the Revised Motives to Gossip Questionnaire In unserem privaten Alltag kommt es hufig vor, dass wir ber eine dritte Person sprechen, die nicht anwesend ist. 25, 5876. Gossip typically centers on the negative aspects of a person's personal appearance, personal achievements, or personal behaviors. BF01 indicates the Bayes factor in favor of H0 over H1, that is, gives the likelihood of the data under the null hypothesis divided by the likelihood of the data under alternative hypothesis (Nuzzo, 2017; Halter, 2018; Wagenmakers et al., 2018b). Psychol. Cost them a fortune!. Isnt it okay to vent every now and then? 31, 97122. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2014.985329, Lee, K., Ashton, M., Wiltshire, J., Bourdage, J., Visser, B., and Gallucci, A. It appears that people mainly gossip for informational reasons and only marginally to harm others. Gossip isn't. Likewise, individuals might use gossip in order to negatively influence the reputation of a target person, and, without intention, simultaneously serve the social function of group protection. doi: 10.1007/978-1-137-23550-3, Baughman, H. M., Dearing, S., Giammarco, E., and Vernon, P. A. Identifying an individual's personality style is not an easy task. doi: 10.1037/a0016338, Barrett, L., Dunbar, R., and Lycett, J. Based on the work of Mischel (1977), researchers differentiate between strong situations with normative expectations and clear roles that constrain behavior, and weak situations which do not provide normative expectations, and, therefore, allow for more freedom in behavior and the expression of personality. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.11.003, OBoyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., and Mcdaniel, M. A. Individ. A less benign form of gossip is when people discuss information. In a 2019 meta-analysis published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science, Robbins and a colleague found that, of the 52 minutes a day on average the 467 subjects spent gossiping, three-quarters of that gossip was actually neutral. Diagnostica 61, 7691. He is reluctant to be usually to be called. If this explanation sounds overwhelming, the good news is that it's time to get practical. At the end of a grueling day, hed give me enough details to empathize, but never reveal names. But the bottom line is this: be aware of the fine line between venting emotions and tarnishing reputations. Why Do We Need to Be Crucified with Christ? To consider a relationship building motive of gossip, three respective items were generated. Manag. The dislike for the target of the gossip is validated and justifies hurtful behavior. Autor de l'entrada Per ; Data de l'entrada ice detention center colorado; https nhs vc hh cardiac surgery . doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.54.2.93. Whereas, individuals scoring high on psychopathy and Machiavellianism pursue goals of a concrete, instrumental nature, individuals scoring high on narcissism aim for goals that are of an abstract, symbolic nature (Jones and Paulhus, 2011, p. 258). By definition (at least the definition social scientists who study gossip use), gossip is any talk about someone who isnt present, its usually about something we can make a moral judgment about (meaning you tend to approve of the information or disapprove), and its entertaining (meaning it doesnt feel like work to do it; you tend to want to share or hear the information), McAndrew explains. She is mom to their three wildly funny young adult kids, who frequently sit on her kitchen counter, just to chat. personality traits of a gossip Gossip was shown to be more emotionally salient than non-social . In the workplace, people have to follow rules and adjust their behavior to fulfill or support organizational objectives. Self-reports: how the question shapes the answer. Always, bitter-vengeful gossip wishes ill on another person, and is all too happy to add to their pain by passing along any negative report to others. 18, 334354. Specifically, examining the different facets and subtypes of narcissism would facilitate the interpretation of the relationships found between narcissism and gossip motives. Ratings were provided on a 9-point rating scale ranging from 1 (disagree strongly) to 9 (agree strongly). Excluding these participants from analysis did not change the results. Anger. Chuck's unhealthy ESTP personality traits can often get him into trouble. The sensitive child feels everything. Psychol. The least important motive was harming the gossip target. He is bursting with a thirst for knowledge, inventiveness and creativity. J. Pers. Is obsessed with fantasies of unlimited success, fame, fearsome power or omnipotence, doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(07)00003-2, Kfner, A. C., Dufner, M., and Back, M. D. (2014). They may call, text, or ask to hang out frequently. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.111, Beersma, B., and Van Kleef, G. A. Group Organiz. Gossip and the self. (2004b). Divide the group into smaller groups of three. What have you done for me lately? (2019). Interestingly, the motivation to negatively influence the reputation of somebody else is not solely associated with narcissism but also with Machiavellianism. Individ. The co-evolution of gossip and friendship in workplace social networks. Health Organ. doi: 10.1177/00187267035610003, Schafer, J. L., and Graham, J. W. (2002). We care about fairness. On being eager and uninhibited: narcissism and approachavoidance motivation. Individ. As in the present study the evaluation of two specific events were required, a contrast effect would have been more likely to occur (see also Schwarz and Bless, 1991). Her child struggles in school, you know.. But these costs and benefits should be measured. So while it is true that people can spend a significant amount of time talking about their peers, oftentimes that chatter is benign. Theres nothing less Christ-like than being a prayer request gossip. Some things are not ours to shareeven in the form of prayers. F-MH, CK, and MP contributed conception and design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. My friendwho is on the prayer teamreceived an email with churchwide prayers. People like to gossip. Sci. Psychol. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. Soc. They were not good at attracting and keeping mates, or maintaining alliances. Using diaries to explore the characteristics of work-related gossip: methodological considerations from exploratory multimethod research. And overall people who were more extroverted tended to gossip more than those who were more introverted. Why? You may find your desire to share private information about someone else reveals more about you than it does the other person. 3) You have a good sense of humor Not only do you like to laugh, but you like to make people laugh. NIum die abwesende Person in einem schlechten Licht darzustellen. Child Dev. However, to fully understand the complex interplay between personality, gossip behavior and long term effects of gossip (i.e., social functions such as facilitation of relationship building, protection, facilitation of social learning) longitudinal studies are needed. Psychol. An alternative method might be to ask participants to provide information about their tendency to gossip for certain reasons across different situations and across time. 10, 400421. Taken together, both classical linear regression and Bayesian linear regression show that the importance of motives mainly depends on the gossiper's narcissism. Finally, he told me why: Ill eventually work out issues with people and move on, but if you know who they are, youre perception of them will forever be tainted.. Groomin, Gossip and the Evolution of Language. The two cannot coexist. A less benign form of gossip is when people discuss information about celebrities or other people highlighted in tabloids or social media. Schwarz, N., and Bless, H. (1992). J. How the power of storytelling can change the course of your career, What's the difference between a lame excuse and good one? Compass 7, 199216. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version. doi: 10.1177/0146167208316688, Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., and Paulhus, D. L. (2013). If you don't give in, they'll double down, playing the victim and using emotional manipulation to get you to question your own judgment. Dif. One might speculate that more Machiavellian individuals use gossip more strategically to gain long-term, higher order goals in domains of competition and performance (Jones and Paulhus, 2011). Despite important social functions gossip has a rather negative reputation. Mischel (1977) argued that behavior in strong situations is based on situational circumstances rather than on the individual's personality. Individ. The repeated ANOVA was also calculated including gender as a between subject factor. Also, relationship building shows consistent positive associations with narcissism. Individ. Personality is a complicated construct influenced by many factors. More specifically, we investigate whether individuals scoring high on the dark triad personality traits are more ready to use gossip in order to harm others and to serve themselves, thereby, contributing to the negative reputation of gossip. Magazines, Or create a free account to access more articles, The Science Behind Why People GossipAnd When It Can Be a Good Thing. We were studying the chapter called Why Are There Jerks in the World, and Could I Be One of Them? in my book Seek: A Womans Guide to Meeting God. Focusing on one of these dimensions of gossip might change the evaluation and emphasize the negative reputation of gossip. Social Neuroscience, 10, 320-336. To gossip or not to gossip: reactions to a perceived request to gossip a qualitative study. doi: 10.1177/107179190601200401. Characteristics of gossips are: insecurity, jealous of others, low self esteem, angry at the world, have too much idle time on their hands, usually don't have any hobbies or activities they could be doing instead of rumor mongering, unhappy with their lives, don't like to see other people happy, attention seekers, like giving the illusion that In doing this, you will heap burning coals of shame on their heads. Dont let evil conquer you, but conquer evil by doing good., Photo courtesy:Thinkstock/g-stockstudio. The researchers were also interested in understanding how people gossip. To have a personality trait, individuals must be somewhat consistent across situations in their behaviours related to the trait. Validating their view of the social world and gaining information through gossip is likely to help the individual to form a map of their social environment and their position within that social environment in the long run (Suls, 1977; Baumeister et al., 2004; Foster, 2004; De Backer et al., 2007; Sommerfeld et al., 2007; Martinescu et al., 2014). Some scholars view gossip as evidence of cultural learning, offering teachable moments and providing people examples of whats socially acceptable and whats not. The Dark Triad at work: how toxic employees get their way. Megan Robbins, Assistant Professor of Psychology at UC, Riverside. Using gossip to build relationships was more often rated as relevant by individuals scoring higher on narcissism than by those scoring lower on narcissism both in work (p < 0.001) and private (p = 0.007) settings. Workplace bullying in the public sector: understanding the racial dimension. Psychol. People are really resistant to thinking about gossip as anything but a bad behavior, says Robbins. doi: 10.3758/s13423-017-1323-7, Wagenmakers, E. J., Marsman, M., Jamil, T., Ly, A., Verhagen, J., Love, J., et al. Mannheim: Zentrum fr Umfragen, Methoden und Analysen -ZUMA-. The models predicting information gathering (BF10 = 0.35), protection (BF10 = 0.03), and social enjoyment (BF10 = 0.73) show anecdotal to very strong evidence for the H0 indicating that the data are more likely under the model that assumes no relationship than under the model including the three personality traits. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.009, Martinescu, E., Janssen, O., and Nijstad, B. Personal. The dirty dozen: a concise measure of the dark triad. It would be nice if we could capture the entire human experience into five simple words. J. Appl. Keywords: gossip, gossip motives, situation, dark triad, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, Citation: Hartung F-M, Krohn C and Pirschtat M (2019) Better Than Its Reputation? The gossipee makes a mental note about what positive things each person said. (2009). 73, 2938. Correlations between all scales (N = 134). In order to survive and pass along your genes it has pretty much always been necessary to know about the lives of those around you: who had powerful friends, who was sleeping with whom, who had limited resources, and who might stab you in the back when times got tough. Giving (and getting) feedback is hard. The 2 Most Psychologically Incisive Films of 2022, The Surprising Role of Empathy in Traumatic Bonding. But researchers often define it more broadly: as "talking about. Are you naturally inquisitive? Sign up for our weekly newsletters and get: By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions (2015). The way of being obsessive is mainly determined by the perfection of things. Thats not a responsible way of sharing information. Despite these important functions, gossip has a rather bad reputation since it is perceived as inherently malicious harming people and society (e.g., Farley, 2011; Hartung and Renner, 2013; Peters and Kashima, 2013). Social media is an ideal platform for gossip. Highly toxic people don't give constructive criticism as a way to help you - they throw nuggets of disdain rather than wisdom your way in order to make you double your efforts to please them. Events that are unusual, dramatic, or lasting ensure that a rich representation is formed and are stored in the long-term memory. To make it even more complicated, it is plausible to assume that people have different motives at the same time. doi: 10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.78, Foster, J. D., and Trimm, R. F. (2008). Group Organiz. Celebrities: from teachers to friends. Gen. Psychol. For every questionnaire that was filled in completely 50 Cent were donated to the UNO-Flchtlingshilfe (UN refugee relief). Gen. Psychol. It refers to the "prohibition of telling gossip, truthful remarks about a non-present person or party.". It's a tricky phenomenon to study, though. PLoS ONE 13:e0203891. Not surprisingly, they were happier to hear positive gossip about themselves, and more irked by hearing negative gossip about themselves as opposed to hearing gossip about others.). Assuming excessive gossip would damage trust within groups and harm individuals, one might speculate that the bad reputation of gossip restricts people from gossiping excessively. 54, 93105. The grandiose (overt) subtype is your "typical" narcissist who is bold, aggressive, and arrogant. Most gossip was coded as neither positive or negative the majority of gossip recorded in this study (75 percent) was neutral. Nat. Thus, if individuals with dark personalities regularly use gossip to spread negative information and harm others that would surely contribute to the negative reputation of gossip. Consequently, we explore whether motives show differential importance between these two situations and whether the dark triad traits show differential relationships to gossip reasons across situations (see also Beersma and Van Kleef, 2012). What makes the prayer request gossip so insidious is that gossip is couched in spiritual sounding words like, we all need to pray for him.. Soc. Means, standard deviation (in parenthesis), and error bars for the different motives displayed separately for work and private setting (N = 134). Dear friends, never take revenge. Anyone whos been around religious people has likely encountered this type of gossip. It seems likely that this rather altruistic motive, on the long run, serves the function of group protection. It works like this: Susans a super star with her clients. Social curiosity and gossip: Related but different drives of social functioning. The Motives to Gossip Questionnaire asks participants to rate their reasons for gossip in a specific situation. Group Organiz. J. Appl. They are quick to blame and short on responsibility. Dif. Identity, self-concept, and self-esteem: the self lost and found, in Handbook of Personality Psychology, eds R. Hogan, J. Johnson, and S. Briggs (New York, NY: Elsevier), 681710. How Psychologically Conditioned Rats Are Defusing Landmines, The Innate Intelligence Observed in the Dying Process. (2018). Gossiping gives people a sense of power. A pattern of positive behavior and attitude leads to a positive personality, marked by positive personality traits. doi: 10.1007/BF00287594, Lewis, D., and Gunn, R. (2007). Have We Turned Our Favorite Preachers and Teachers into Idols? Privacy Policy. Whether behavior can be judged as good or bad depends, at least in part, on the intention of the individuals engaging in that behavior. Narcissism and social networking web sites. Participants were encouraged to wear the device all day during the test period. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill) 680740. Soc. Pers. In Judaism, there is a word for this: Loshon Hora. Hence, to evaluate whether a certain behavior is good or bad, the underlying reasons or the intentions should be taken into account. Sci. Personality traits are small, simple ways to help you set your character apart from every other character. The motivational pattern was highly similar between private and work context. Concerns about reputation via gossip promote generous allocations in an economic game. Thus, unusual or emotional arousing gossip events might be remembered easily whereas irregular but frequent and relatively unimportant gossip events are not retrieved easily and perhaps forgotten entirely (Sudman et al., 1996; Tourangeau, 2000). The mean values for narcissism and Machiavellianism are comparable to previous research whereas the mean value for psychopathy is slightly lower in the present study than in previous research (Kfner et al., 2014). Psychol. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.022, Crampton, S. M., Hodge, J. W., and Mishra, J. M. (1998). Part II: Example applications with JASP. Personality traits are characteristic of enduring behavioral and emotional patterns, rather than isolated occurrences. Sign up for our newsletter and follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. J. Commun. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1977.tb01812.x, Swann, W. B., Stephenson, B., and Pittman, T. S. (1981). (2011). doi: 10.1177/1059601109360389. Represented by the Star card in tarot, Aquarius can be visualized as a larger-than-life, mythical being with one foot firmly planted on the soil (representing a sense of being grounded) and one . BF10 indicates the Bayes factor in favor of H1 over H0, that is, gives the likelihood of the data under the alternative hypothesis divided by the likelihood of the data under null hypothesis. IV, Information Validation; IG, Information Gathering; RB, Relationship Building; P, Protection; SE, Social Enjoyment; NI, Negative Influence. Acad. Not one person with firsthand knowledge ever contacted my husband. Do loose lips sink ships? That means, when broadening the view and evaluating gossip not only with regard to social functions but also with regard the intention of the gossiper a positive impression of gossip emerges. IE 11 is not supported. Reviewed by Davia Sills. Welche Motive Fhren zu Gossip und Welche Emotionen Begleiten uns Dabei und Resultieren Daraus? doi: 10.1002/ejsp.821, Feinberg, M., Cheng, J. T., and Willer, R. (2012). (2013). A good gossiper is someone who people trust with information and someone who uses that information in a responsible way. Public Adm. 85, 641665. He or she can feel your joys and sorrows and react accordingly to it. Pers. In accordance with the national and institutional guidelines, ethical approval was not required for this study. doi: 10.1177/1059601109360391. As outlined earlier, this is in line with previous results from observational (i.e., eavesdropping) studies showing that the content of conversation is mainly neutral in its value and only certain parts are clearly positive or clearly negative (Levin and Arluke, 1985; Dunbar et al., 1997). NIum schlecht ber die abwesende Person zu sprechen. You cant keep your mouth shut that your friends marriage is on the fritz; you let your entire circle of friends know that another friend did poorly on a big exam. First, the researchers reported that females gossiped significantly more than males (no big surprise here, as this is consistent with past research as well as lay beliefs on gossip). Relationships between bullying behaviours and the Dark Triad: a study with adults. doi: 10.1016/j.socnet.2012.07.002, Ellwardt, L., Wittek, R., and Wielers, R. (2012c). Pers. Those who have the sickness of pride in their hearts speak of others' sins with contempt, irritation, frustration, or judgment. Other people's guilt is a manipulator's best friend. Until that day, shed always thought gossip was simply part of normal conversation. People hearing gossip good and bad about themselves, as well as negative gossip in general, showed more activity in the prefrontal cortex of their brains, which is key to our ability to navigate complex social behaviors. : a social network perspective on workplace gossip. Leave that to the righteous anger of God. Who hasnt wanted to get something off their chesteven if that something painted someone else in a negative light? The subscales exhibited satisfactory reliability in the present study with = 0.84 for narcissism, = 0.85 for Machiavellianism, and = 0.75 for psychopathy which is comparable to previous research (Kfner et al., 2014). PMandR 9, 12781282. The dark triad personality traits were entered as independent variables and motives as dependent variables. Soc. doi: 10.1002/per.1860, Levin, J., and Arluke, A. Work and organizational literature has also shown that people gossip for other than hostile intentions at the workplace (Waddington, 2005; Waddington and Fletcher, 2005; Kuo et al., 2015; see also Michelson and Mouly, 2004; Michelson et al., 2010). They always look at the negative sides of life and find extremely difficult to cope up with stress. (2018a) a BF10 > 100 indicates extreme evidence for H1, a BF10 = 30100 indicates very strong evidence for H1, a BF10 = 1030 indicates strong evidence for H1, a BF10 = 310 indicates moderate evidence for H1, a BF10 = 13 signals anecdotal evidence for H1, BF10 = 1 indicates no evidence for H1, BF10 = 0.31 signals anecdotal evidence for H0, BF10 = 0.10.3 indicates moderate evidence for H0, BF10 = 0.030.1 signals strong evidence for H0, BF10 = 0.010.03 indicates very strong evidence for H0, and a BF10 < 0.01 indicates extreme evidence for H0. 27, 569584. Regina George is the queen bee, Karen Smith is the beautiful airhead and Gretchen Wieners is Toaster Strudel royalty. Nehmen Sie dementsprechend Stellung zu folgenden Aussagen: Ich habe an dieser Unterhaltung aus folgenden Grnden teilgenommen . The Dirty Dozen scale captures narcissism (e.g., I tend to want others to admire me.), Machiavellianism (e.g., I tend to manipulate others to get my way.), and psychopathy (e.g., I tend to be callous or insensitive.) with four items for each subscale. Extroverts are social, assertive, socially confident and love interacting with people.. The Dark Triad of personality: a 10 year review. Again, social enjoyment reasons are more often reported by participants scoring higher on narcissism, however, only in work-related settings (p = 0.05). Thus, participants filled in the questionnaire twice. Were we not able to engage in discussions of these [social and personal] issues, we would not be able to sustain the kinds of societies that we do, she explained in a 2003 paper published in the Review of General Psychology. Empirical findings have shown that people take the presumed motivation of a gossiper into account when judging the morality of the respective gossiper, for instance (Beersma and Van Kleef, 2012). IVum unsere Gedanken ber die abwesende Person zu vergleichen. Thus, an assimilation occurred in the first case whereas a contrast effect emerged in the second case. U.S.A. 104, 1743517440. As in the present sample more participants are employed than in the sample of previous research (Beersma and Van Kleef, 2012), individuals are presumably more occupied and have less time for gossiping just for fun. The results are displayed in Table 2. While listening to patients, psychologists must also guide the therapy process with their own questions. High-scorers in this attribute are dependable, reliable, organized and self-controlled. Bless her heart. My neighbor will sure have her hands full with another baby on the way, so close to the youngest. Faced with the concern that information about negative behavior runs through the grapevine and may consequently lead to the loss of reputation or even social exclusion, it prevents people from acting against social norms and the good of the group (Piazza and Bering, 2008; Beersma and Van Kleef, 2011; Feinberg et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2016). People often exaggerate what they pass on to make a better or more coherent story or to justify why they are speaking about someone.. Unnecessary gossip and slander. Spreading tales about a coworkers sex life, criminal background, suspected company policy infractions, or medical problems are all examples of harmful workplace gossip. Soc. Miss Emily Grierson Character Analysis. This is why this type of gossip is listed in the behaviors of the carnal, fleshly Christian. Gaining social information and knowledge about people surrounding us provides us with a sense of control and advantage over others (e.g., Swann et al., 1981; Fiske, 2004). Individ. In a similar vein, the dark side of personality probably has a high impact on gossip motives that serve individual purposes. The dark triad and framing effects predict selfish behavior in a one-shot prisoner's dilemma. Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. For instance, individuals scoring higher on the dark triad traits show a higher tendency to tell lies and to cheat than individuals scoring lower on these traits (Nathanson et al., 2006; Williams et al., 2010; Baughman et al., 2014; Jonason et al., 2014; Roeser et al., 2016; Muris et al., 2017). Pers. Instead, If your enemies are hungry, feed them. Its something that comes very naturally to us an integral part of conversation, information sharing and even community building. J. Pers. Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc analysis showed that social enjoyment was a more important motive in private situations than in work-related situations (private M = 3.08, SD = 1.84 vs. work M = 2.58, SD = 1.80; p < 0.001). doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.011, Carter, G. L., Montanaro, Z., Linney, C., and Campbell, A. C. (2015). In total, 100% of the students and the unemployed participant reported to have work experience. Individ. I dont want to gossip to the Pastor. It never occurred to any of them they were gossiping to everyone but the Pastor! In addition, they may also depend on the years in a specific organization. The Dark Triad as an agentic social style. Thus, when thinking about the second gossip event participants might have explicitly thought about a gossip event differing from the previous one. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Posted on July 4, 2022 by . regular fantasies about personal power, intelligence, success, or attractiveness. But it gets more interesting from there. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. A., and Volk, A. 10 Reasons God Might Not Be Blessing Your Life, Inspiring Mother Breaks Down after Earning Golden Buzzer with Celine Dion Hit, 7 Things that Will Keep Me from Coming Back to Your Church, 6 Truths about Jesus Coming into the World, 9 Christians You Don't Want to Sit Beside on Sunday Morning, 10 Things You Should Know about the Intermediate State of Death, 'You Raise Me Up' Duet Earns A Standing Ovation From The Judges. They'll find a way to cultivate it, so they can use it to get what they want from you. Unlike Beersma and Van Kleef (2012), we asked the participants to think about a situation in a work setting as well as in a private context. purple circles with personality traits definition and example chart, Created by Karina Goto for YourDictionary, Owned by YourDictionary, Copyright YourDictionary. Similarly, the test of the interaction effect did not achieve sufficient power (0.68). Lying is toxic since it is self-defeating. You can train yourself to be more patient. Six distinct reasons have been identified that underlie gossip behavior: information validation, information gathering, relationship building, protection, social enjoyment, and negative influence. Psychol. Bull. The traits and characteristics of curiosity and open-mindedness are extremely common within the Libra personality and they are always on the hunt to discover new ideas. Psychol. She was speechless. The researchers coded gossip into three distinct categories: positive/flattering gossip, neutral gossip (i.e., observations about people that aren't necessarily positive or negative), and negative/malicious gossip.
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